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Abstract
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Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ
dysfunction resulting from unregulated host
effect on the infection. Despite new advances
in treatments, the morbidity and mortality of
sepsis continues to be high today. One of the
main causes of septic cells morbidity and
death is cardiac and vascular rupture and
consequent generalized tissue hypoxia.
Sepsis, which is one of the most common
causes of non-cardiac deaths in intensive
care units in developed countries, increases
the number of secondary infections with
immunosuppression and thus increases the
cost. Since most sepsis symptoms are
nonspecific, the diagnosis of sepsis may be
delayed. However, there is no specific
treatment that has proven effective for sepsis.
Patients with sepsis need more nutrients and
energy. As a result of insufficient energy
intake in sepsis, malnutrition occurs in the
individual due to the lack of energy and
nutrients for cells in organ systems.
Nutritional support should be provided in
patients with sepsis due to increased energy
consumption, acceleration in catabolism and
hyperdynamic circulation. In addition, drug
treatments applied to patients also cause an
increase in energy requirement. With
nutritional support, carbohydrates and fats
are provided as energy sources. Proteins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals are also
used in nutritional support for cell building
blocks and functions. Appropriate nutritional
intervention should be performed depending
on whether the gastrointestinal system of the
individual with sepsis is functioning or not.
Enteral nutrition is the safest way of feeding
the patient. In patients with severe and
prolonged catabolic period, parenteral
nutrition is applied in cases where enteral
nutrition cannot be performed due to the
deterioration of the anatomical or functional
integrity of the gastrointestinal system.
Malnutrition can be corrected in these
patients by providing effective and
comprehensive early nutritional therapy. It is
aimed to prevent increased destruction,
secondary infections, multi-organ failure,
morbidity and mortality with nutritional
support to individuals with sepsis. In this
review, types of sepsis and nutritional
treatments in patients with sepsis will be
evaluated.